Новая стратегия объединения экологических и торговых проблем Каспия

Натан Хатсон ^a , Джахан Таганова ^b,c,d*

^a Университет Северного Техаса, Suite 204, 410 S. Avenue C. Denton, TX 76201, Соединенные Штаты Америки
^b Университет штата Орегон, 1500 SW Jefferson Way, Корваллис, OR 97331 541-737-1000, США
^c Делфтский институт водного образования ИГЕ, Вествест 7, 2611 AX Делфт, Нидерланды
^d Университет мира при ООН, Калле У. Пас, Эль-Родео-де-Мора, Сан-Хосе, Коста-Рика

https://doi.org/10.29258/CAJWR/2023-R1.v9-2/76-102.eng

*E-mail: jahan.b.taganova@gmail.com

Натан Хатсон: nathan.hutson@unt.edu 

13 декабря, 2023

Аннотация

Недавние геополитические события в Центральной Азии привели к тому, что Каспийский регион переживает период беспрецедентных возможностей. В частности, Срединный Коридор («СК») был представлен как потенциальное решение проблемы трансевразийской торговли. В то же время его успех зависит от состояния Каспийсково моря, которое находится в экологически неблагоприятном состоянии. Сохранение Каспия для всех будущих видов использования, включая торговлю, потребует взаимодействия и координации усилий всех граничащих с ним государств. В данной статье предлагается стратегия использования внимания к СК, чтобы подчеркнуть его неотъемлемую связь с экологической нестабильностью моря — тем самым связывая стратегию развития Транскаспийской торговли с усилиями по сохранению экологии моря от уже существующих и возникающих угроз. В начале статьи приводится краткое описание последних геополитических событий, связанных с СК, которые усилили глобальное значение Каспия для торговли. Затем рассматривается связанная с этим проблема — одновременные усилия нескольких прибрежных государств, направленные на опреснения морской воды в то время, когда уровень воды в море уже снижается под воздействием ранее существующих причин. Несмотря на то, что это два отдельных вопроса, мы утверждаем, что на самом деле они взаимосвязаны и что проблемы координации и управления для улучшения торговли очень похожи на те, которые необходимы для регулирования опреснения воды. Далее, мы анализируем проблему регулирования опреснения воды в контексте водной геополитики и уникальных особенностей действующего Договора по Каспию. В конце статьи, мы рассматриваем формулировки существующего Договора по Каспию, чтобы определить области, в которых необходимо внести изменения для лучшего решения обеих проблем.

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Для цитирования:

Hutson, N., Taganova, J. (2023). A New Strategy for Merging the Environmental and Commerce Challenges of the Caspian. Central Asian Journal of Water Research,  9(2), 76-102. https://doi.org/10.29258/CAJWR/2023-R1.v9-2/76-102.eng

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