Оценка физико-химического состояния озера Маркаколь с учетом процессов эвтрофикации

Мадибеков А.^a, Исмуханова Л.^a, Жади А.^a, Султанбекова Б.^a, Жуматаев С.,^a Каримов А.^b, Фокин С. ^c

^a Институт географии и водной безопасности МНВО РК, ул. Пушкина, 99, Алматы, 050010, Казахстан

^b Астрофизический институт им. В.Г. Фесенкова, Обсерватория 23, 050020 Алматы, Казахстан

^c Маркакольский государственный природный заповедник, Курчумский район, село Урунхайка, ВКО, Казахстан

https://doi.org/10.29258/CAJWR/2024-R1.v10-2/58-78.eng

E-mail: madibekov@ingeo.kz

Исмуханова Л.: ismukhanova@ingeo.kz, Жади А.: zhadi@ingeo.kz,
Султанбекова Б.: sultanbekova@ingeo.kz, Жуматаев С.: serikzhumatayev@gmail.com, Каримов А.: karalik0@mail.ru, Фокин С.: mlesxoz@mail.ru

15 ноября, 2024

Аннотация

Объектом настоящего исследования, проведенного в 2023 г., являлось озеро Маркаколь, одно из высокогорных озер Казахстана.  Исследование включало сравнительный анализ состояния поверхностных и придонных экосистем водоема.  Анализ температур донных вод показал корреляцию между данным параметром и концентрациями растворенного кислорода, что указывает на то, что загрязнение, вызванное органическими примесями, приводит к эвтрофикации озера, что, в свою очередь, способствует вымиранию водной флоры и фауны.  Хотя основные водно-физико-химические параметры воды целевого водоема соответствуют олиготрофному типу, сдвиги в содержании растворённого кислорода и фосфатов, а также увеличение объема водной растительности указывают на его переход к мезотрофному типу.  Более высокое содержание фосфатов в воде является следствием загрязнения, нарушающего биологический баланс, а также стимулирующего эвтрофикацию озера и повышение его биологической продуктивности, то есть «цветения воды». Кроме этого, наличие в воде фосфат-ионов является информативным индикатором антропогенного загрязнения 3-го класса опасности (по органолепти-ческому признаку). На основе коэффициента корреляции (r) для озера Маркаколь были проанализированы две статистические модели: 1) Загрязнение воды, т.е. концентрации питательных веществ, в зависимости от температуры поверхностных и донных вод (Модель 1.); и 2) Изменение индексов загрязнения воды (биогенного, тяжелыми металлами, среднего) по причине роста температуры воздуха ввиду глобального потепления на 0,25°C/десятилетие (Модель 2.).

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Madibekov, A., Ismukhanova, L., Zhadi, A., Sultanbekovam B., Zhumatayev, S., Karimov, A., Fokin, S. (2024). Assessment of lake Markakol’s physical and chemical condition with consideration of eutrofication. Central Asian Journal of Water Research,  10(2), 58-78. https://doi.org/10.29258/CAJWR/2024-R1.v10-2/58-78.eng

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