Тяжелые металлы в пресных водах Казахстана и методологические подходы к разработке региональной классификации качества воды

Крупа Е.1*, Баринова С.2, Романова С.3, Аубакирова М.3, Айнабаева Н.1

1 Республиканское государственное предприятие на праве хозяйственного ведения «Институт   зоологии» Комитета науки Министерства образования и науки РК, 050060 Алматы, пр-т аль-Фараби, 93

2 Институт эволюции, университет г. Хайфа, гора Кармель, Израиль, 3498838, Хайфа, пр-т Абба Хуши, 199

3 Казахский национальный университет им. аль-Фараби, Министерство образования и науки РК, 050000,  Алматы, пр-т Аль-Фараби, 93

* для корреспонденции: elena_krupa@mail.ru 

Баринова С.: barinova@research.haifa.ac.il; Романова С.: Sofya.romanova@kaznu.kz; Аубакирова М.: judo_moldir@mail.ru; Айнабаева Н.: naziya_06@mail.ru

https://doi.org/10.29258/CAJWR/2020-R1.v6-2/87-110.rus

Аннотация

Цель настоящего исследования заключалась в определении классов качества пресных вод в разделе «Тяжелые металлы» Региональной экологической классификации на основе данных за длительный период времени (1997-2017 гг.).  При разграничении классов качества воды учитывались следующие факторы: фоновое содержание тяжелых металлов, содержание тяжелых металлов в водоемах, подверженных антропогенному загрязнению разного уровня и характера, а также реакция биологических сообществ на токсическое загрязнение естественной среды обитания.  Согласно предлагаемой классификации, чистая вода 1-го класса качества содержит тяжелые металлы в следующих концентрациях: Cd<0,2; Cu<2,5; Zn<4; Pb<3; Cr<0,5 и Ni<0,5 мкг дм-3. Вода 2-го класса характеризуется содержанием Cd<0,5; Cu<6; Zn<6; Pb<7; Cr<1 и Ni<2 мкг дм-3.  Умеренно загрязнённая вода 3-го класса содержит Cd<3, Cu<10, Cr<10, Ni<10, Zn<20 и Pb<20 мкг дм-3.  В наиболее загрязненной воде 6-го класса концентрации всех тяжелых металлов превышают 30-100 мкг дм-3.  Предлагаемый методологический подход позволяет оценивать не только содержание тяжелых металлов в водоемах Казахстана, но и степень токсического загрязнения их обширных водосборных бассейнов.  Предлагаемый метод применим к другим засушливым районам с аналогичными физико-климатическими условиями.

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Для цитирования: Крупа, Е. и др. (2020) ‘Тяжелые металлы в пресных водах Казахстана и методологические подходы к разработке региональной классификации качества воды’, Центральноазиатский журнал исследований водных ресурсов, 6(2), pp. 87–110. doi: 10.29258/CAJWR/2020-R1.v6-2/87-110.rus.

For citation: Krupa, E. et al. (2020) ‘Tjazhelye metally v presnyh vodah Kazahstana i metodologicheskie podhody k razrabotke regional’noj klassifikacii kachestva vody [Heavy Metals in Fresh Waters of Kazakhstan and Methodological Approaches to Developing a Regional Water Quality Classification]’, Central Asian Journal of Water Research, 6(2), pp. 87–110. doi: 10.29258/CAJWR/2020-R1.v6-2/87-110.rus.

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