Антропогенное воздействие на бассейн реки Есиль

Л. Махмудова ^а, А. Мусина ^b, М. Оспанова ^b*, А. Жарылкасын ^b, А. Канатулы ^c

^a Институт географии и безопасности водных ресурсов, ул. Пушкина, 99, Алматы, 050010, Казахстан
^b Казахский национальный университет имени аль-Фараби, пр. аль-Фараби, 71, Алматы, 050040, Казахстан
^c Казахский национальный аграрный исследовательский университет, ул. Абая, 8, Алматы, 050010, Казахстан

https://doi.org/10.29258/2023-R1.v9-2/57-75.eng

*E-mail: ospanova.marzhan@kaznu.kz

Л. Махмудова: Makhmudova.Lyazzat@kaznaru.edu.kz; А. Мусина: mussina.aynur@gmail.com; А. Жарылкасын: adiletzharylkassyn@gmail.com; А. Канатулы: adilet.kanatuly@kaznaru.edu.kz

12 ноября, 2023

Аннотация

Целью исследования являлась оценка влияния хозяйственной деятельности человека на бассейн реки Есиль на основе данных наблюдений, содержащихся в гидрометеорологических периодических изданиях Казгидромета (РГП, РГП) за 1933-2019 гг. Дополнительный анализ многочисленных источников — статистических дайджестов, онлайновых данных Бюро национальной статистики при Агентстве по стратегическому планированию и реформам Республики Казахстан (РК), монографий и научных работ также позволил достоверно оценить общее водопотребление в стране. Анализ имеющихся материалов позволил определить показатели безвозвратного водопотребления (МКВ) по отраслям народного хозяйства, включая коммунальное хозяйство, промышленность и сельское хозяйство (орошение). В результате оказалось, что по водопотреблению МКК на целевом водосборе находится в пределах 3-29% от общего безвозвратного водопотребления (ВБВ), причем наибольшее значение было зафиксировано в 2007 году. Установлено также, что крупные водохранилища — Астанинское (Вячеславское) и Сергеевское — оказывают регулирующее давление на многолетний сток рек, входящих в бассейн. Анализ полученных данных также свидетельствует о том, что по сравнению с условно естественной фазой снижение их стока в нарушенную фазу обусловлено не только водохранилищными, но и агротехническими воздействиями, а также изменением климата. Результаты исследования могут служить водохозяйственным целям, способствовать проектированию гидротехнических сооружений, а также расширению региональных теоретических и прикладных гидрологических исследований.

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Для цитирования:

Makhmudova, L., Mussina, A., Ospanova, M., Zharylkassyn, A., Kanatuly, A. (2023). Anthropogenic Impacts in the Yesil River Basin. Central Asian Journal of Water Research,  9(2), 57-75. https://doi.org/10.29258/CAJWR/2023-R1.v9-2/57-75.eng

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