Водопотребление плантации павловнии войлочной в засушливом климате в Кыргызстане, Центральная Азия

Нильс Тевс ^a*, Кумар Алиев ^b, Клара Байер ^c

^a Глюкштрассе 2, Бонн, 53115, Германия;

 ^b Всемирный центр агролесоводства, ул. Токтогуль, д. 141, Бишкек, 720001, Кыргызстан;

^c Министерство охраны окружающей среды Германии, пл. Вëрлитцер, д. 1, Дессау-Росблау 06844, Германия

https://doi.org/10.29258/CAJWR/2025-R1.v11-1/27-46.eng

E-mail*: niels.thevs@gmail.com

Кумар Алиев: k.aliev@cifor-icraf.org; Клара Байер: clara.baier95@gmail.com

16 января, 2025

Аннотация

В последнее время на ряде небольших плантаций в Центральную Азию была интродуцирована павловния войлочная (Paulowniaspec.).  Древесина Paulownia отличается высоким качеством и применима в изготовлении мебели, досок для серфинга и лыж, а также строительстве домов и лодок.  Таким образом, древесина Paulownia является ценным сырьем как для центральноазиатского региона, так и за его пределами.  Ввиду того, что значительная часть региона располагается в зоне засушливого климата, для нормального роста павловнии требуется полив.  На фоне дефицита водных ресурсов в Центральной Азии настоящее исследование было направлено на оценку водопотребления и производительности данного вида дерева на базе 6-летней плантации.  Деревья были посажены в мае 2017 г. и срублены до пней в 2018 г.  Суточная эвапотранспирация рассчитывалась по методу Пенмана-Монтейта, а соответствующие коэффициенты урожайности основывались на фактических значениях эвапотранспирации (дистанционное зондирование S-SEBI).  Среднее потребление воды одним деревом составило 1 741 л, 4 461 л, 4 500 л и 4 407 л за вегетационные периоды 2020, 2021, 2022 и 2023 гг., соответственно.  Производительность воды для стволовой древесины за весь период роста – с момента посадки в 2017 г. до 2023 г.  – составила 1,59 г/л^-1 и 5,65 мл/л^-1.  Учитывая высокое качество древесины и широкий спектр ее применения, можно сделать вывод, что вода, потребляемая павловнией войлочной, позволяет получать более ценную древесину и лесоматериал по сравнению с другими видами деревьев, произрастающими в сопоставимых районах Центральной Азии.

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Для цитирования:

Thevs, N., Aliev, K., Baier, C. (2025). Water consumption of a Paulownia plantation in an arid climate in Kyrgyzstan, Central Asia. Central Asian Journal of Water Research, 11(1), 27–46. https://doi.org/10.29258/CAJWR/2025-R1.v11-1/27-46.eng

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